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―18―JournalofChubuUniversityEducationNo.17（2017）TheActualConditionsofTeaching-StreamFacultyinCanadaandtheOtherAdvancedCountries:TheirBackgrounds,CharacteristicsandIssuesOKIHirotaka＊＊Professor,InstituteforTeachingandLearning,RitsumeikanUniversity/VisitingProfessor,CenterfortheStudiesofUniversityEducation,ChubuUniversityAbstractThispaperattemptstodescribetheactualconditionsofinstitutionalandsubstantialteaching-streamfaculty（teaching-centeredfacultymembers）inCanadaandseveraladvancedcountries,andconsidertheirbackgrounds,characteristicsandissues.NotonlyinCanadabutalsoinsomecountriesthesystemofteaching-streamfacultyincludingafull-timefacultyappointmentandopportunitiestopromotetoaprofessorhasalreadybeenestablished,andtheircontributionshavebeenhighlyevaluatedbytheircolleagueswhiletheyhavebeensomuchsatisfiedwiththeirpositions.Insomeothercountriesthenationalpolicyrelatingtoteaching-streamfacultyhasnotbeenintroducedyet,butthebalanceofteachingandresearchisseparatelyadjustedaccordingtoanindividualandauniversity.Inthebackgroundtheyaresimilarlyfacingthedrasticchangesinhighereducationsuchasanincreaseindiverseenrollmentandteachingburdens,arelativedecreaseinpublicresearchfunds,moreemphasisofresearchresults,andgradualexpansionofaccountabilityoftheteachingeffects.Thoughthoseactionsmayraiseaseriousconcernaboutresultinginthedevelopmentofatwo-tieredfacultyenvironmentanddestructionofthetraditionalbalanceofteachingandresearch,anewconceptoffacultyanduniversitymustbepursuedtowardstheseinevitableshifts,andatthesametime,especiallyinJapan,individualfacultyevaluationshouldberevisedasquicklyaspossiblesothatitmayreflectonscholarshipofteachingandlearningasacademicwork.Keywordsteaching-stream,teaching-centered,teaching-focused,teaching-intensive,teaching-only,research-stream,research-centered,research-focused,research-only,scholarshipofteachingandlearning（SoTL）